2017宁夏教师资格证笔试英语语言学

　　【导读】华图宁夏教师招聘考试网同步宁夏华图发布：2017宁夏教师资格证笔试英语语言学,详细信息请阅读下文!如有疑问请加【2023宁夏教师招聘考试微信号】 ，更多资讯请关注宁夏教师微信公众号(ningxiajsht),宁夏教师招聘考试咨询电话：0951-6028571/6027571 18295188220,微信号：HT15202602573本文地址：https://nx.huatu.com/2017/0525/1499717.html

一、语言学概述之

I. Design Features of Language

1. Arbitrariness

Arbitrariness means a word’s sound and meaning which have no logical relations.

“爱”用英语表达为“love”;用法语表达为“amour”;用日语表达为“愛”。

2. Duality

Language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures, one of sounds, and the other of words.

语言是由低级结构的语音和结构的词组成的系统，如[b]，[i]，[t]，单独来看，这三个音素都没有意义，但是当它们组合在一起就有了意义[bit](bit)。

3. Creativity

Language can be used to create new meanings due to its duality and recursiveness.

由于语言的双重性和递归性，说话者可以创造出从未听说过或从未使用过的句子。

I want to visit Mary who lives in a country where the scenery is beautiful which has attracted so many tourists…

4. Displacement

Language can be used to refer to things that are not present: real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future or in faraway places.

人们可以使用语言符号表述在时间上或空间上不可及的物体、时间或观点。

5. Cultural transmission

On one hand, it means humans are born with the capacity to acquire human language. On the other hand, humans acquire language through teaching and learning.

人类语言依靠文化或习俗传统得以代代相传，语言知识要学习才可获得。

6. Interchangeability

It means anyone can be the producer and receiver of the language.

人类的语言没有性别和年龄的障碍，人们可以想到理解对方所说的内容。

II. Functions of Language

1. Informative function

Language is used to convey information.

例如：在摄氏零度时，水会开始结冰(标准大气压下)。

2. Interpersonal function

It is concerned with the interaction between the speaker and hearer in the discourse.

人际功能主要涉及说话者和听话者之间在话语情景中的互动和说话者对他所说或所写的事情的情感与态度。

3. Performative function

It means speech can be used to do things.

在婚礼上，主持人说：“现在我宣布你们正式结为夫妻。”

4. Emotive function

It uses language to create certain feelings in the hearer.

例如：“天啊”。

5. Phatic function

It means that language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact.

问候语和告别语等都属于寒暄功能。

6. Recreational function

Language is used to create entertainment.

儿童的语言游戏，成年人吟诗，唱歌曲都属于娱乐功能。

7. Metalingual function

Language is used to explain itself.

数学中的1很难定义，相比之下，2和3就可以借助于1来定义，语言用于谈论和研究语言本身时，则行使元语言功能。

二、例题分析

1. “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet”. This famous quotation from Shakespeare illustrates that language has the design feature of _____.

A. creativity B. displacement C. arbitrariness D. duality

【答案】C。解析：考查语言的本质特征。A rose by any other name would smell as sweet可以理解为：玫瑰易名，馨香如故。这个是剧作家莎士比亚所创作的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中的台词。在原作里的大意可以理解为：“称呼有什么关系?即使我不是叫罗密欧，我对你的爱却依旧。”证明索绪尔的语言的“任意性”这一语言本质特征。故选C。

2.【2015年上半年全国中小学教师资格考试试题-中学英语】

The language used to describe the language itself is called _____.

A. paralanguage B. special language C. metalanguage D. interlanguage

【答案】C。解析：考查语言的主要功能。当语言被用来谈论和研究语言本身时，语言行使元语言功能。

三、总结

语言学虽说是较为抽象的理论课，内容颇多，术语也很多，但是在教资考试中，考生只需要了解语言学的一些基本知识即可，这也是我们对往年的教资试题的剖析而得出的结论，所以考生在教资考试过程中遇到语言学不要被这个“纸老虎”吓住，要透过语言现象看语言的本质，用正确的方法解析语言学的题目。